XPath可以快速定位到Xml中的节点或者属性。XPath语法很简单,但是强大够用,它也是使用xslt的基础知识。
示例Xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < pets > < cat color = "black" weight = "10" > < price >100</ price > < desc >this is a black cat</ desc > </ cat > < cat color = "white" weight = "9" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a white cat</ desc > </ cat > < cat color = "yellow" weight = "15" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a yellow cat</ desc > </ cat > < dog color = "black" weight = "10" > < price >100</ price > < desc >this is a black dog</ desc > </ dog > < dog color = "white" weight = "9" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a white dog</ desc > </ dog > < dog color = "yellow" weight = "15" > < price >80</ price > < desc >this is a yellow dog</ desc > </ dog > </ pets > |
XPath的语法:
1. XPath中的符号
符号 | 说明 | 示例 | 示例说明 |
/ | 表示从根节点开始选择 | /pets | 选择根节点pets |
表示节点和子节点之间的间隔符 | /pets/dog | 选择pets节点下的dog节点 | |
//xx | 表示从整个xml文档中查找,而不考虑当前节点位置 | //price | 选择文档中所有的price节点 |
. | 单个英文半角句点表示选择当前节点 | /pets/. | 选择pets节点 |
.. | 双点,表示选择父节点 | /pets/dog[0]/.. | 表示pets节点,也就是第一个dog节点的父节点 |
@xx | 表示选择属性 | //dog/@color | 表示选择所有dog节点的color属性集合 |
[…] | 中括号表示选择条件,括号内为条件 | //dog[@color=’white’] | 所有color为white的dog节点 |
//dog[/price<100] | 所有price字节点值小于100的dog节点 | ||
中括号内数字为节点索引,类似c#等语言中的数组,数组下标是从1开始的 | //dog[1] | 第1个dog节点 | |
//dog[last()] | 最后一个dog节点,last()是xPath内置函数 | ||
| | 单竖杠表示合并节点结合 | //dog[@color=’white’] | //cat[@color=’white’] | color属性为white的dog节点和color属性为white的cat节点 |
* | 星号表示任何名字的节点或者属性 | //dog/* | 表示dog节点的所有子节点 |
//dog/@* | 表示dog节点的所有属性节点 |
关键字 | 说明 | 示例 | 示例说明 |
ancestor | 当前节点的父祖节点 | ancestor::pig | 当前节点的祖先节点中的pig节点 |
ancestor-or-self | 当前节点以及其父祖节点 | ancestor::pig |
|
attribute | 当前节点的所有属性 | attribute::weight | 相当于@weight,attribute::和@是等价的 |
child | 当前节点的所有字节点 | child::*[name()!=’price’] | 选择名字不是price的子节点 |
descendant | 子孙节点 | descendant::*[@*] | 有属性的子孙节点 |
descendant-or-self | 子孙节点以及当前节点 | descendant-or-self::* |
|
following | Xml文档中当前节点之后的所有节点 | following::* |
|
following-sibling | 当前节点的同父弟弟节点 | following-sibling:: |
|
preceding | Xml文档中当前节点之前的所有节点 | preceding::* |
|
namespace | 选取当前节点的所有命名空间节点 | namespace::* |
|
parent | 当前节点的父节点 | parent:: | 相当于双点.. |
preceding-sibling | 当前节点之后的同父兄节点 | preceding-sibling::* |
|
self | 当前节点 | self::* | 相当于单点. |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Xml.XPath; using System.Xml; namespace UseXPathDotNet { class Program { static void Main( string [] args) { UseXPathWithXPathDocument(); UseXPathWithXmlDocument(); Console.Read(); } static void UseXPathWithXmlDocument() { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load( "" ); //使用xPath选择需要的节点 XmlNodeList nodes = doc.SelectNodes( "/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]" ); foreach (XmlNode item in nodes) { string title = item.SelectSingleNode( "title" ).InnerText; string url = item.SelectSingleNode( "link" ).InnerText; Console.WriteLine( "{0} = {1}" , title, url); } } static void UseXPathWithXPathDocument() { XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument( "" ); XPathNavigator xPathNav = doc.CreateNavigator(); //使用xPath取rss中最新的10条随笔 XPathNodeIterator nodeIterator = xPathNav.Select( "/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]" ); while (nodeIterator.MoveNext()) { XPathNavigator itemNav = nodeIterator.Current; string title = itemNav.SelectSingleNode( "title" ).Value; string url = itemNav.SelectSingleNode( "link" ).Value; Console.WriteLine( "{0} = {1}" ,title,url); } } } } |
XPath使用示例,请看下面的代码注释
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 | using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Xml; namespace UseXPath1 { class Program { static void Main( string [] args) { string xml = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8"" ?> <pets> <cat color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""4""> <price>100</price> <desc>this is a black cat</desc> </cat> <cat color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""5""> <price>80</price> <desc>this is a white cat</desc> </cat> <cat color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""1""> <price>110</price> <desc>this is a yellow cat</desc> </cat> <dog color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""7""> <price>114</price> <desc>this is a black dog</desc> </dog> <dog color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""4""> <price>80</price> <desc>this is a white dog</desc> </dog> <dog color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""15""> <price>80</price> <desc>this is a yellow dog</desc> </dog> <pig color=""white"" weight=""100"" count=""2""> <price>8000</price> <desc>this is a white pig</desc> </pig> </pets>" ; using (StringReader rdr = new StringReader(xml)) { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(rdr); //取所有pets节点下的dog字节点 XmlNodeList nodeListAllDog = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/dog" ); //所有的price节点 XmlNodeList allPriceNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "//price" ); //取最后一个price节点 XmlNode lastPriceNode = doc.SelectSingleNode( "//price[last()]" ); //用双点号取price节点的父节点 XmlNode lastPriceParentNode = lastPriceNode.SelectSingleNode( ".." ); //选择weight*count=40的所有动物,使用通配符* XmlNodeList nodeList = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[@weight*@count=40]" ); //选择除了pig之外的所有动物,使用name()函数返回节点名字 XmlNodeList animalsExceptPigNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[name() != 'pig']" ); //选择价格大于100而不是pig的动物 XmlNodeList priceGreaterThan100s = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[price div @weight >10 and name() != 'pig']" ); foreach (XmlNode item in priceGreaterThan100s) { Console.WriteLine(item.OuterXml); } //选择第二个dog节点 XmlNode theSecondDogNode = doc.SelectSingleNode( "//dog[position() = 2]" ); //使用xpath ,axes 的 parent 取父节点 XmlNode parentNode = theSecondDogNode.SelectSingleNode( "parent::*" ); //使用xPath选择第二个dog节点前面的所有dog节点 XmlNodeList dogPresibling = theSecondDogNode.SelectNodes( "preceding::dog" ); //取文档的所有子孙节点price XmlNodeList childrenNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "descendant::price" ); } Console.Read(); } } } |
C#处理Xml的相关随笔: